BHM / IHM Tobacco Notes (Food and Beverage Service)

Tobacco Notes:

Introduction to Tobacco

Tobacco means a leaf obtained from plant of the Solanaceae family, containing 1%-3% of alkaloid nicotine (C₁₀H₁₄N₂), that undergo curing and fermentation processes, which produces narcotic effect when smoked, snuffed, or chewed.

And Nicotiana Tobacum is the plant which produces tobacco for the world commerce. And, Nicotiana Rustica is also used for making tobacco in different parts of the Europe. Tobacco grows best in warm even dimate, tropical or sub-tropical region (Java, Sumatra, Jamaica, Cuba, India etc) on well drained, carefully fertilized soil which reduces weekly moisture form rain or irrigation.

Tobacco is a fastidious plant that requires a proper soil and a moderate climate for cultivation. It is grown in the tropical climate in countries such as Cuba, Jamaica, India, Syria, Java, Egypt, Turkey, parts of USA, Philippines, Nepal (Janakpur), etc. The Yellowish green leaves of tobacco plant are harvested, witted, dried, and cured after which they are ready to be used by the cigarette or cigar manufacturers. The consumption of tobacco is in the varieties of ways such as cigarette, cigar, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, etc. Empire Tobacco company of Jamaica produces the finest and famous tobacco of the world.

History of Tobacco

How long has tobacco been around?

Tobacco has been growing wild in the Americas for nearly 8000 years. The practice of tobacco was first recorded in the central America where ‘The Mayas’ , a highly cultured people used tobacco around 2000 years ago, began to be chewed and smoked during cultural or religious ceremonies and events.

There are pre-historic evidences that man learnt to smoke before they could write various cave paintings and clay tablets show it. The carving on the walls of their ruined temples shows religious sites which includes the blowing of tobacco through a tube pipe in the direction of the sun. From those records of archaeological explorers, we know that fires and sun were worshipped.

Who discovered tobacco and when?

After discovering “America” by Christopher Columbus in 1492, during his voyage (i.e journey) to America had witnessed west Indians smoking tobacco in a hollow forked stick. He brought the tobacco seeds to Europe (spain) where the farmers grew them for medicinal purpose to relax their body.

Roman Pane, a monk, who accompanied Columbus on his second voyage to the new world in 1493, is accredited with being the first man to bring tobacco seeds and plants to Europe. In 1531, tobacco was cultivated for the first time in Europe (at santo Domingo), by 1600 tobacco use has spread across Europe and England and was being used as a monetary standard, a practice that continued throughout the following century.

In the year 1559, French ambassador to Portugal, Jean Nicot gift of tobacco seeds to the queen mother of France hence the botanical name NICOTIANA has been named after his name. Smoking in Europe first rose in England in early 15th century. Smoking became popular throughout the world as it was introduced by British in their colonies.

John Rolfe, an American colonist, commercialized it in Virginia from where the famous Virginia tobacco comes. America exported Tobacco to England who made it popular in Europe. It however became popular in America by 1850 only.

When was tobacco first considered to be dangerous to health?

In 1602 an anonymous English author published an essay titled worke of chimney sweepers (sic) which stated that illness often seen in chimney sweepers were caused by soot and that tobacco may have similar effects. This was one of the earliest known instances of smoking being linked to ill health.

In 1795 Sammuel Thomas Von Soemmering of Maine (Germany) reported that he was becoming more aware of cancers of the lip in pipe smokers. In 1798 the US physician Benjamin Rush wrote on the medical dangers of tobacco.

During 1920s the first medical reports linking smoking to lung cancer began to appear. Many newspaper editors refused to report these findings as they didn’t want to offend to tobacco companies who advertised heavily in the media.

A series of major medical reports in the 1950s and 1960s confirmed that tobacco caused a range of serious diseases.

When were cigarettes developed?

Cigarette making machines were developed in the latter half of the 1800s. The first such machines produced about 200 cigarettes per minute (today’s machine produce about 9000 per minute). Cheap mass production and the use of cigarette advertising allowed tobacco companies to expand their markets during this period.

What caused the growth and later decline of smoking in traditional markets?

The prevalence of cigarette smoking continued to grow in the early 20th century mainly as a result of:

• The development of new forms of tobacco promotion.
• The ability of the tobacco industry through its power and wealth to influence the policies of political parties.

Smoking increased drastically (dramatically) during world wars, mainly due to providing free cigarettes to allied troops as a ‘Morale boosting exercise’. Also, peer pressure, parental influence, media influence, genetic factors, stress factors, etc are also factors.

Later in 20th century, smoking became less popular due to rapid increase in knowledge of health effects of both active and passive smoking.

What are current global smoking trends?

The fourth WHO global tobacco trends reports released in 2021, shows that there are 1.30 billion people.

Varieties of Tobacco

The main type of tobacco for cigarette and pipe smoking is the Virginian tobacco. The other types of tobacco include Egyptian tobacco grown in Nile delta and Asia Minor and the Turkish tobacco grown in Turkey, Balkan and Syria. Best quality of tobacco for cigar comes from Venezuela district of cuba where the tobacco is more aromatic than anywhere in the worlds.

Basically there are four varieties (curing method) of tobacco found, which are as explained below:-

• Brown or fermented tobacco:- This is done by fermentative method. In this method curing is done by exposing the tobacco leaves to the temperature of upto 77 ˚ c for 3-5 weeks. Then the tobacco leaves develop a distinctive flavor and become more pliable (i.e. flexible) and thus can be stretched. In this way tobacco obtain dark and heavy brown color.
• Yellow or non-fermented tobacco:- This is done by non-fermentative method. In this process leaves are dried in the sun about four to five days when the temperature is maximum of 18 ˚ C to 24 ˚ C and also some moisture is presence in the air. The leaves of tobacco turn yellow in color and can be used as chewing tobacco.
• Latakia:- Latakia is the dark strong variety of tobacco made from plants grown in Syria and other Eastern countries. This is smoke cured by the fire of the Asiatic oak, which turns it into a dark shade, sometimes camel or cow dung is used as fuel for the fire.
• Perique:- It is similar variety like Latakia but the smoke is produced from oak grown in Louisiana state of USA. This variety is used to strengthened pipe tobacco. Perique, a farmer called Pierra Chenet is credited with first turning this local tobacco into the perique in 1824 through the technique of pressue-fermentation.

What is curing? Explain different types of curing methods. Curing is a process by which the harvested tobacco leaf is made ready for the market. The process of curing has an intimate bearing on the quality of cured leaf. A good quality leaf from the field can be made poor by an improper curing. Depending on the type of the tobacco principal methods of curing can be distinguished as explained below:- 1. Flue-Curing:- Flue curing refers to the type of barn used to cure tobacco and is the method that involves indirectly exposing the leaves to heat, created by transporting hot air smoke or steam through a pipe or flue. that heat radiates throughout the enclosure, rapidly drying the tobacco directly exposed to any sort of fire or smoke like fire-cured tobacco. 2. Air-Curing:- Air curing was among the first tobacco curing methods. Generally, air cured tobacco is stalk-cut harvested and hung in well-ventilated barns for anywhere from three to 12 weeks and is complete when the leaf’s central rib is free of moisture, resulting in leaves that are light tan to reddish-brown to deep brown in color. Maintaining low humidity is critical to the air curing process as the moisture may cause the leaf to mold or rot if not properly monitored. Sometimes fans are utilized to accelerate the drying process by forcing additional air into the tobacco. Once the curing is complete, the leaves can remain in the barns until they absorb just enough moisture from the air to make them pliable. 3. Fire-Curing:- The fire curing process can almost be viewed as barbecuing tobacco leaves, exposing the tobacco to a smoldering fire and imparting a distinctively smoky, woodsy flavor. Typically, fire-cured tobacco is hung in large barns similar to those used in air curing but are more tightly sealed to maximizing the smoke exposure. The tobacco used for fire-curing can either be stalk-cut harvested or the leaves may be primed off the stalk, depending on the farmer. 4. Sun-Curing:- Sun-curing is predominantly used in the production of oriental tobacco grown in Asia and Mediterranean countries, regions where there is abundant sunlight and very little rain. Sun curing yields tobacco that is yellow to orange in color, has a high sugar content and a lower level of nicotine. When sun-cured, the tobacco loses a significant amount of weight (sometimes up to 90%) due to the loss of moisture.

Products of Tobacco

Cigar

Cigar is a tightly rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco. The word cigar comes from the Spanish word Cigarro.

Cigar is the most expensive form of tobacco as they are only made from the finest and best quality tobacco leaves. These are made in cylindrical shape with the help of wooden mould (Torpedor). The best leaf for the production of cigars is grown in Jamaica, Cuba, Borneo and Java. Less good tobacco but still acceptable to all but the true connoisseur, is produced in India, Japan, South Africa, Germany, Holland, Russia and Hungary.

The plants are grown in the same way as other tobacco plants. There are 3 types of cigar leaf tobacco :
(1) Cigar filler tobacco which is used in the body of the cigar because of its sweet flavor and burns evenly. It constitutes 85% of the cigar.
2) Cigar binder tobacco holds the cigar filler tobacco together and continues 10% of the cigar.
(3) Cigar wrapper tobacco used for outer wrapping of cigar representing 5% of cigar. It has high quality leaves that are smooth, thin and uniform in color. It goes through expensive process to produce such.

It is the sommeliers responsibility to sell cigars to the guest. The cigar ash gives some indication about the quality of the cigar. The first grade cigar produces a greyish ash which last for a considerable time before dropping down.

Cigars are classified on the basis of:-

On the basis of Color:
The leaf used for cigar wrapper varies in colour from one cigar to other cigar. Once the cigar are made they are graded according to the colour of wrapper and are packed separately in boxes. The colour of wrapper is marked on the boxes. It is classified into seven basic colors:-

• Colorado(C):- Reddish brown and aromatic. These are also called Rosado.
• Colorado Claro (CC):- Mid-Brown, tawny in color
• Claro(CCC):- Pale golden, brown in color (i.e light, golden brown)
• Colorado Maduro(CM):- Dark brown in color. Honduron cigars are of this type.
• Maduro(M):- Very dark brown
• Oscuro:- Black and oily appearance. It is also known as double maduro.
• Double Claro:- Greenish brown in color. This color is archived by picking leaves before it reaches maturity of then drying it rapidly. It is also called Candela.

On the basis of Shape:

1. Parejo: This is the most common shape found in market. It has a cylindrical body, straight sides, one end open and a round tobacco leaf on the other end.
2. Torpedo: These are like parejo but the cap is pointed; bulge in the middle area and closed foot.
3. Perfecto: It has pointed head and widens to an open foot.
4. Presidente or Diadema: It is large cigar(8″) with a straight sided body and ocassional closed foot.

On the basis of Size:

Term	Sizes (Inches)	Ring Gauge
Corona	1.5 (14.5 cm)	42
Panatela	5	34
Lonsdale	6.25 (16.4 cm)	32
Petit Corona	4.5 (12.5 cm)	42
Robusto	5	40
Double Corona	7.5	50
Corona Grande	6.15	49
Churchill	7	42
Hussar	6 (15cm)	48
Ideal	6.5 (16.5 cm)
Cheeroot	4.5 (11 cm)
Whiff	3 (7.5 cm)
Monarch	7 (18 cm )

International Brands of cigar

Cohiba (Cuba)	Punch (Cuba)	H. Upmann (cuba)
Partageas (cuba)	Romeo Julipata	Cabanas
Larranga	Henry Clay	Bock
La Tropicana	Landsdale	Byrons
J:S Murais	La Invicita	Romeo-Y-Julieta
Harry’s Jamaica	chana	Romeo
Julieata	Boliyor	Montecristo No. 1
Santa Clara (Mexico)	Casa Blanca (Dominican)	Don Diego (Dominican)

Also, here are some of the popular cigar brands with their country of origin:

• Cohiba (Cuba)
• Montecristo (Cuba)
• Romeo y Julieta (Cuba)
• Partagas (Cuba)
• Hoyo de Monterrey (Cuba)
• Padron (Nicaragua)
• Arturo Fuente (Dominican Republic)
• Davidoff (Dominican Republic)
• Oliva (Nicaragua)
• Rocky Patel (Honduras)
• Macanudo (Dominican Republic)
• La Gloria Cubana (Dominican Republic)
• Liga Privada (Nicaragua)
• Ashton (Dominican Republic)
• Perdomo (Nicaragua)
• Avo (Dominican Republic)
• Punch (Honduras)
• La Flor Dominicana (Dominican Republic)
• My Father (Nicaragua)
• Alec Bradley (Honduras)

Parts of Cigar

Cigars are usually composed of 3 types of tobacco leaves, whose variations determine smoking and flavor characteristics. They are filler, binder and wrapper.

1. Filler:- Filler is the inner core of the cigar which makes most of the cigar. It constitutes 85% of
   the cigar. The strength of cigar depends upon the filler. Fillers of various strength are usually
   mixed well to produce desired cigar flavours. In the cigar industry it is known as blend.

• Fillers can be either long or short.
• Long fillers are made up of whole leaves and are of better quality.
• Long fillers are mostly used in handmade cigars.
• Machine made cigars use short fillers.
• Short fillers are used chopped leaves, stems and other bits.
• Short fillers cigars are easy to indentified other smoked since they often burn hotter and trend to release bit of leaf into the smokers mouth.
• Long filled cigars of high quality burn evenly and consistently.

2. Binders: Binders are the elastic leaves that hold the filler tobacco together and constitute 10% of the cigar. The filler with binder is known as Bunch. Binder leaves are used from the part of the plant usually as they have high tensible strength. Mostly one tobacco leaf is used as binder.
3. Wrapper:- A wrapper is the outer covering of the cigar. It dictates appearance of the cigar. It constitutes 5% of the cigar. A whole leaf of finest quality is chosen as wrappers. Wrappers leaves are fermented separately from other leaves to ensure that it is smooth, not too oily and have to be smooth and elastic and must have no protruding veins. The wrapper should have a good aroma since it is the most vital ingredient in the taste of the cigar. The wrapper determines much of the cigars characteristics and flavor and as such its color is often used to describe the cigar as a whole. The filler tobacco is skillfully rolled in the binder leaves. A wrapper of required characteristics out into proper shape and the whole leaf is rolled in such a way to ensure that the whole leaf runs either straight up or straight down.

Service of Cigar

The practice of service cigars and cigarette during the sorbet course has faded away as the table d’ hotel menu offered in modern days is very short for the inclusion of sorbet. In an establishment where smoking is permitted, cigars are served at the end of the meal with liqueur and coffee. The cigars may be presented either from trolley or in the bar on a salver from the left-hand side. It must be ensured that trolley has side plates, cigar cutter, cider stripes and matches before the cigar is offered to the guests. If it is presented from a salver, all the required items must be kept ready on a sideboard.

The following steps are followed in cigar service:

1. Place a clean ashtray on the table.
2. Present the humidor from the left-hand side of the guest to select his/her cigar.
3. Remove the selected cigar carefully making sure your finger nail does not touch the wrapper of any of the cigars. It is advisable to place the cigar in such a way that it is easy for the guest to pick up without touching any of the other cigars.
4. Collect the cigar from the guest for preparation. Ask the guest i.e. the band of the cigar may be removed and what type of cut s/he prefers, straight (o) or (V) shape cut before taking it to the sideboard.
5. Take the cigar to the sideboard to prepare according to the guest’s request.
6. On the sideboard, if the cigar is covered with cellophane, tear the tab and carefully remove the cigar by applying gentle pressure at the end of the cellophane tube. Place the cellophane in the pocket.
7. If the guest wants the band to be removed, gently apply pressure below the band and remove it without damaging the wrappers.
8. Open the closed end of the cigar by making a flat or V-cut with appropriate cigar cutter. Avoid piercing it with matchstick or spice.
9. Tap the cut cigar over the side plate to remove any unwanted/ extra tiny particles.
10. Present the prepared cigar on a quarter plate from the left hand side.
11. Offer a light from a cider wood strip, a wooden match or gas lighter. Light it gently by holding the flame slightly away from the cigar. (It is advisable to light cigar with match sticks only as fumes of gas lighter may affect its taste. If the band isn’t removed before lighting the cigar, the guest will remove it during the course of smoking. Removal of band is easier after smoking for a while, as the cigar has warmed up a little and shrunk.

NOTE: A cigar shouldn’t be pierced as it blocks the flow of air and smoke gets a tar smell. Also, during service know the name of brands and pack size. Remove the cellophane paper.

Storage of Cigar

• Cigars get easily damaged by dry heat, temperature fluctuations, smells and damp climate conditions.
• Cigar is stored at a temperature of 15-18 ˚ C and relative humidity of 65-70 ˚ %.
• A cedar wood case is preferred to any other kind of box, as its porous nature allows cigar to breathe.
• These cigars cases are stored in humidor. Humidor or specially made boxes they all either made with or lined with cedar blends well with cigar and as cedar wood is porous it allows the cigar to breathe. A free circulation of air around these boxes is essential.
• A small hygrometer fixed to the box shows the humidity level in the box.

Cigarette

A cigarette is a product, manufactured out of cured and finely shredded tobacco leaves. Often combined with additives and then rolled into a cylindrical paper wrapper.

The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smoulder (i.e. burn slowly but no flame) ; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well. Most modern manufactured cigarettes are filtered and include reconstituted tobacco and other activities.

A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its smaller size, usage of processed leaf, and white paper wrapping. Also, cigars are typically composed of whole-leaf tobacco.

The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette but can apply to similar devices containing other herbs, such as cannabis.

More than 4000 different chemicals have been found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Among these 60 chemicals that are known to cause cancer. Studies have proven that smoking cigarettes causes cancers of bladders, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx (voice box), esophagus, cervix, kidney, lungs and stomach and causes acute myeloid leukemia. It also causes heart diseases and stroke.

Types of Cigarette

Basically, there are 3 types of major and famous cigarette found on the basis of leaves:

• Virginian:- These cigarettes are made from the Virginian tobacco. These cigarettes are considered to be the best one and can be smoke any time of the day. The famous brands are 555, Surya, Rothmans, etc.
• Turkish:- These are made from the aromatic and having more aroma and considered as most expensive cigarettes of the world. The famous brand is Camel.
• Russian/Egyptian:- These are strong cigarettes made from the strongest tobacco. These cigarettes are appreciated after the meal or during the sorbet course in French classical menu due to the strong tobacco. The famous brands are Marka, Primo, Belamora, etc.

Also, we can include these types of cigarette:

1. Electronic Cigarette:- (also called an e-cigarette or vape) is an electronic inhaler in which the
   substance contained within it (typically a liquid solution containing nicotine) is vaporized by a
   battery powered heating element, as opposed to being burned.
2. Fire Safe Cigarettes:- Labbreviated “PSC” also known as lower ignition propensity (LIP), Reduced fire risk (RFR), self extinguishing, fire safe cigarettes are cigarettes that are designed to extinguish more quickly than standard cigarette if ignored, with the intention of preventing accidental fires. The most common fire-safe technology used by cigarette manufacturers is to wrap cigarettes with two or three thin bands of less-porous paper that act as “speed bumps” to slow down a burning cigarette.
3. Herbal cigarette:- (also called tobacco-free or nicotine-free cigarettes) are cigarettes that do not contain any tobacco and which are composed of a mixture of various herbs and/or other plant material.
   However, Chinese herbal cigarette contain tobacco and nicotine with herbs added, unique European and North American herbal cigarettes which have tobacco and nicotine omitted (i.a leave out). Originating from the United Kingdom in 1947, the presumed oldest brand of herbs cigarettes are Honeyrose and Black Swan.
4. Menthol Cigarette: It is a cigarette flavoured with the compound menthol, a substance which triggers the cold-sensitive nerves in the skin without actually providing a drop in temperature. It has been banned in several countries, including Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, Turkey, European Union, UK and US. It is considered more harmful than regular cigarette.
5. Kretek: It is an unfiltered cigarettes of Indonesian origin, made with a blend of tobacco, cloves and other flavors. The word “Kretek” itself is an onomatopoetic term for the cracking sound of burning cloves. It is also called clove cigarette.

Parts of Cigarette

Usually cigarette consists of 3 parts:-

1. Wrapper:- These are the special tissue paper in which tobacco leaves are wrapped by machine. These are usually found white in color but some of the brands are there which are having colorful wrapper. Though seemingly innocuous (i.e. not harmful or offensive), cigarette paper is largely responsible for the rate at which a cigarette burns and the amount and density of the smoke it produces. In addition, like tobacco, the cigarette paper contains a host of chemicals, among them titanium oxide, which accelerates and maintains burning so the cigarette doesn’t go out and the smoke is delivered evenly with each puff. Also, it helps to stabilize the produced ash.
2. Filler:- Filler if referred as the tobacco leaves which are dried, cured and matured to develop a distinctive flavor and become pliable (i.e. flexible), usually dark in color.
   The tobacco blend is mainly made from the leaves of flue-cured bright leaf, burely tobacco and oriental tobacco. These leaves are selected, processed and aged priors to blending. The leaf tobacco will then be shredded along with tobacco by products.
   i.e. A significant amount of the shredded brown innards of most modern cigarettes is a paper product called “reconstituted” tobacco or “homogenized” sheet tobacco”, which is made from a pulp of mashed tobacco stems and other parts of the tobacco leaf that would otherwise go to waste.
   A perfume like flavor called topping is then blended into the tobacco mixture to improve the flavor and taste. Finally the tobacco mix is filled into the cigarette tubes and packed.
3. Filter/Butt:- Filter is also called as cigarette tips. It is obtained from the bark of querque tree. It is optional in cigarette.
   The common name for the residual part of the cigarette is cigarette butt or simply butt. The butt consists of a tissue tube which holds a filter.
   The filter in the butt helps to collect impurities and to make it less harsh to inhale. It comprises about 30% of cigarette’s original length. Most filter cigarettes also bear ventilation holes punched around the circumference of the filter tip which helps somehow to maintain tar and nicotine levels by allowing enough fresh air into smokes.

International brands of Cigarette

1. Marlboro – United States
2. Camel – United States
3. Dunhill – United Kingdom
4. Benson & Hedges – United Kingdom
5. Lucky Strike – United States
6. Kent – United States
7. Pall Mall – United States
8. Winston – United States
9. Rothmans – United Kingdom
10. Parliament – Switzerland
11. Davidoff – Switzerland
12. Gitanes – France
13. Mild Seven – Japan
14. L&M – United States
15. Chesterfield – United States
16. More – United States
17. Salem – United States
18. Viceroy – United States
19. Peter Stuyvesant – Netherlands
20. Embassy – United Kingdom

Nepali Brands: Surya, Shikhar, Khukuri, Yak, Pilot, etc

Manufacturing of Cigarette

Tobacco leaves are harvested and aged using a combines use of heat and shade to reduce sugar and water content without causing the large leaves to rot.

The first part of the process, called curing, takes between 25-45 days and varies substantially based upon climatic conditions as well as the construction of sheds or barns used to store harvested tobacco. The curing process is manipulated based upon the type of tobacco, and the desired color of the leaf. The leaf are cured when they have passed from bright green flexible leaves to dried brown or yellowish leaves. Chemically, the naturally occurring chlorophyll in the leaf gradually breaks down and is replaced by carotene. To cure, the harvested plants are strong to narrow strips of wool called larns. The temperature must be carefully monitored in order to prevent extreme drying. (90-170 ˚ F) temperature is maintained.

The second part of the process called fermentation is carried out under certain conditions designed to help the leaf die slowly and gracefully. Temperature and humidity are controlled to ensure that the leaf continues to ferment, without rotting or disintegrating. This is where the flavor, burning and aroma characteristics are primarily brought out in the leaf. The leaves are tied into bundles called hands of 10 or 15 leaves each. The hands are packed in boxes or in large casks called hogsheads. Them tobacco is kept in hogsheads for a period of from 6 months to 5 years. The leaves undergo chemical changes during this period referred to as fermentation.

Once the leaves have aged properly, they are sorted for use as filler or wrapper based upon their appearance and overall quality. During this process, the leaves are continually moistened and handled carefully to ensure each leaf is best used according to its individual qualities.

The leaf will continue to be baled, inspected, unbaled, reinspected and baled again repeatedly as it aging cycle. When the leaf has matured according to the manufacturer’s specifications, it will be used in the production of a cigar.

Quality cigarettes are still hand-made. An experienced cigar-roller can produce hundreds of very good, nearly identical cigars per day. The roller keep the tobacco moist (especially the wrapper) and use specially designed orescent-shaped knives, called chovetas, to form the filler and wrapper leaved quickly and accurately. Once rolled, the cigars are stored in wooden forms as they dry, in which their uncapped ends are cut to a uniform size. From this stage, the cigar is a complete product that can be “laid down” and aged for decades.

Service of Cigarette

1. The waiter should ensure that the guest is seating in the smoking zone, place a clean ashtray on the table.
2. A packet of cigarettes must never be carried by hand to a customer.
3. Always placed a packet of cigarettes over a side plate on a beverage round, from left hand side.
4. Outside wrapper is opened, the inside wrap pulled out and one or two cigarettes are trapped out, and not pulled out.
5. Served it along with a match box.
6. The waiter or server should then stand by with a matchbox ready to light a cigarette.
7. The waiter should strike the match box away from the guest and hold the flame only.
8. Before extinguishing the match, the waiter must be sure that the cigarette is well lit.
9. The used match box should not be disposed of in the guest ashtray.
10. The waiter should clear the ashtray very frequently.
11. Cleaned ashtray should be placed on the table and it should be removed time to time (i.e. after every smoke.)