April 2026

Contents:Concept of price and pricing. Factors affecting pricing decisions: Internal and external price factors. Pricing approaches-cost-based, value-based and competition- based approaches. New product pricing decisions. Initiating and responding to price changes. Penetration pricing, premium pricing, bundling pricing, seasonal pricing, dynamic pricing etc.

Contents:Concept and levels of the product. Product classifications and marketing considerations. Product life cycle stages: features and strategies. New product development process. Branding strategies – branding objectives, types of brands. Product line and mix strategies. Service product strategies

Contents:Concept and objectives of promotion. Promotion mix components. Factors affecting determination of promotion mix. Advertising: Nature and objectives. Nature and process of personal selling.Nature and objectives of sales promotions. Sales promotion tools and techniques. Nature and tools of public relations. Concept and methods of direct marketing. Promotion practices in Nepal.

Contents:Concept and objectives of distribution, channel designs for consumer and industrial products.Channel selection factors. Concept and components of marketing logistics: transportation,warehousing, inventory management, order processing, and customer services decisions.Hospitality distribution channel, value delivery network, Role of specialist in distribution.Emerging distribution channel in hospitality industry.

Contents:Concept, process, requirements of market segmentation. Bases for segmenting consumer andorganizational markets. Segment evaluation and selection of target markets. Concept and types of positioning; product positioning process

Contents:Meaning of buying behavior, Model of consumer behavior: Stimulus-Response Model (1967),Sheth-Family decision making model (1967), Engel Kollat Blackwell Model (1968).Consumer buying process, Factors influencing consumer behaviorBusiness buyer behavior: business buyer decision process, Factors influencing business buyer behavior This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you

Contents:Concept of marketing information system. Concept of data and information and its importance.Components of the marketing information system: Internal record system, marketing intelligence, decision support system and marketing research. Marketing research process and areas of marketing research This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you

Contents:Meaning of marketing environment; Micro environment: The company, suppliers, competitors,marketing intermediaries, publics, customers. Macro environment: demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, social, cultural environment; Responding to the marketing environment: Reactive and proactive marketing. Marketing environment in Nepal. This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you for

Contents: Meaning of marketing. Core concepts of marketing. Marketing process. Marketing management orientation – production, product, selling, marketing, and societal marketing concepts. Meaning and components of the marketing mix. This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you for your important contribution, We value you and