June 2026

Unit 4: Production, Cost and Pricing for Tourism Products

Economics Study Notes /

Contents:Production function of tourism products: concepts and types; Concepts of cost: opportunity cost,accounting cost and economic cost, fixed cost and variable cost in tourism industry; Economic profit andbusiness profit; Market structure: concepts and characteristics, Firm’s equilibrium and profitmaximization model; Pricing practices: price discrimination, cost-plus pricing, incremental cost pricing,bundling, tying, two-part tariffs This study notes is […]

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Unit 3: Market Equilibrium and Efficiency in Tourism Products

Economics Study Notes /

Contents:Market equilibrium; Changes in tourism demand and tourism supply and their effects on market equilibrium; Concept and measurement of economic efficiency; Effects of tax, subsidy, and price control measures on market equilibrium and economic efficiency. This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you for your

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Unit 2: Economics of Tourism Demand and Supply

Economics Study Notes /

Contents: Demand function; Variables influencing tourism demand; Levels of choices affecting tourism demand;Factors constraining tourism demands; Movement along a demand curve and shifts in the demand curve;Concept and measurement of price, income, and cross-price elasticity of demand for tourism products;Relationship between price elasticity of demand and revenue; Supply of tourism products: concepts and determinants; Supply

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Unit 1: Fundamentals of Tourism Economics

Economics Study Notes /

Contents:Fundamentals of economic principles and their application in tourism business: how people make decisions, and how people interact; Concepts of microeconomics and macroeconomics; Tourism economics: nature and scope; Composition of the tourism industry and its product: suppliers’ and tourists’ views; Concept of free and scarce resources in tourism; Controlling and rewarding resource use; Interrelationship between

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Unit 6: Emerging Trends in E-commerce for Hotels

5th Semester E-Commerce for Hospitality Notes /

Contents:Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications, Chat-bots andartificial intelligence (AI) in guest interactions, Block-chain technology for securetransactions and data management This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you for your important contribution, We value you and your immense efforts”.

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Unit 5: Mobile E-commerce and Apps in Hospitality

5th Semester E-Commerce for Hospitality Notes /

Contents:Importance of mobile optimization for hotel websites, Developing a hotel mobileapp: features and benefits, Enhancing guest experiences through mobile technology This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you for your important contribution, We value you and your immense efforts”.

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Unit 4: E-commerce Security and Privacy

5th Semester E-Commerce for Hospitality Notes /

Contents:Ensuring secure online transactions for guests, Data protection and privacy, regulations (GDPR, CCPA, etc.), preventing online fraud and protecting guest information This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you for your important contribution, We value you and your immense efforts”.

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Unit 3: Digital Marketing Strategies for Hotels

5th Semester E-Commerce for Hospitality Notes /

Search engine optimization (SEO) for hotels, Pay-per-click (PPC) advertising and its applications, Social media marketing and content creation for hotels, Email marketing campaigns and guest engagement. This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you for your important contribution, We value you and your immense efforts”.

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Unit 2: Online Booking and Reservation Systems

5th Semester E-Commerce for Hospitality Notes /

Contents:Types of online booking systems: direct booking vs. third-party platforms,Components of an effective online booking system, Integrating reservation systems with hotel operations and front desk. This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you for your important contribution, We value you and your immense efforts”.

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Unit 1: Introduction to E-commerce in Hotel Management

5th Semester E-Commerce for Hospitality Notes /

Contents:Understanding e-commerce and its relevance in the hotel industry, Historical overview of e-commerce in hospitality, Key benefits and challenges of implementing e-commerce in hotels. This study notes is prepared by Mr.Prakash Chand Thakury (Student from Sudur Pachimanchal College, Dhangadi, Nepal). “Thank you for your important contribution, We value you and your immense efforts”.

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